Mahatma Gandhi, born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, India, was a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement against British rule. He is widely regarded as a pioneer of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience.
Early Life and Education
- Education: Gandhi studied law at University College London and later practiced law in South Africa, where he experienced racial discrimination, which profoundly influenced his views on justice and equality.
Political Activism
- Return to India: After returning to India in 1915, Gandhi became involved in various social and political movements.
- Nonviolent Resistance: He developed the concept of Satyagraha, which emphasized nonviolent protest as a means to achieve social and political change. This approach was pivotal in mobilizing masses against colonial rule.
Key Movements
- Champaran and Kheda: In the early 1900s, Gandhi led successful campaigns against oppressive practices affecting farmers in these regions.
- Salt March: In 1930, he organized the Salt March to protest the British salt tax, symbolizing the broader struggle for Indian independence.
- Quit India Movement: Launched in 1942, this was a significant movement demanding an end to British rule in India.
Philosophy and Influence
- Principles: Gandhi advocated for truth, nonviolence (ahimsa), and self-reliance (swadeshi). His ideas influenced many global leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela.
- Legacy: His commitment to nonviolence and social justice continues to inspire movements for civil rights and freedom around the world.
Assassination
- Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948, by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist. His death was a profound loss for India and the world.