Jawaharlal Nehru was a key figure in Indian history, serving as the first Prime Minister of India from 1947 until his death in 1964. Born on November 14, 1889, in Allahabad, Nehru was a central leader in the Indian independence movement and a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi.
Early Life and Education
- Education: Nehru studied at Harrow School in England and later at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he earned a degree in natural sciences. He also studied law at the Inner Temple in London.
Political Career
- Independence Movement: Nehru joined the Indian National Congress in 1919 and became a prominent leader in the struggle against British rule. He was influenced by Gandhi's principles of nonviolence and civil disobedience.
- Role in Government: Following India's independence in 1947, Nehru became the country's first Prime Minister. He played a crucial role in shaping modern India’s political landscape.
Policies and Achievements
- Economic Development: Nehru advocated for a mixed economy, combining elements of capitalism and socialism. He initiated major industrial and agricultural programs.
- Foreign Policy: He promoted a policy of non-alignment during the Cold War, seeking to maintain India’s independence from the influence of the superpowers.
- Education and Science: Nehru emphasized the importance of science and technology, leading to the establishment of numerous educational institutions, including the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs).
Legacy
- Nehru is remembered for his vision of a secular, democratic, and socialist India. His birthday, November 14, is celebrated as Children's Day in India, reflecting his fondness for children and commitment to their welfare.